As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. These storylines are interspersed with scenes of Harlans poverty; discussions of the industrys risks and hardships, including early child labor practices and the prevalence of black lung; and passages about Harlans notorious 1930s. The Miners for Democracy leadership negotiates a new contract with a no-strike clause, but few people in the film are happy with this outcome. . Eastern Kentucky has been especially hard-hit: The number of miners employed in Harlan County fell from more than 3,000 in 1988 to fewer than 1,000 in 2014. In the meantime, Im posting a short riff from the latest edition of Oxford American, the annual Southern movie issue. Get more of what the mainstream media leaves out. This mine, called Brookside, attained national notoriety in the early 1970s after my family sold it to Eastover Mining, a subsidiary of Duke Power, one of the countrys largest energy corporations. He is easygoing for a security guard and handsome in a salt-of-the-earth way. Looking at it long-term, it seems that neither side won. A calendar from that year still hung on the wall. Some, like Danny Stewart, an unemployed fifth-generation miner, are placing their hopes in a Donald Trump presidency to revive the moribund coal industry. Fergusons wife, Mary Louwhose long brown hair and bangs gave her an elderly girlishnesshad stood on the picket line with him. I attempted to capture a panorama with my phone as the light broke through the clouds, Jesus-ray style. Trivia. Oxford American 2023. When Harlans coalfield was developed in the 1910s, the rocky terrain made transportation to the mines difficult, necessitating the creation of camps to house the workers. . During part of the filming, Kopple and her crew stayed with the Ferguson family until they got wupped, Billy said, describing the scene when the filmmakers were attacked. The meat and dairy cases stood waiting for someone to fill them up and turn the power back on. When images of the Brookside camp are cut with ones from a welfare camp that is in far worse shape, their distrust of the film is solidified. Billy, seventy-two, with stage 4 black lung that requires him to be on oxygen, looked up from his chair by way of a greeting. Meet Sonja and Alex Overhiser: Husband and wife. 6. The strike is settled soon after, but the UMWA contract quickly expires. Strain the contents of the shaker into the glass. The many welcoming touches to the Fergusons dcordishes of hard candies, angel figurines, framed prayers written in flowing script adorning the wallsreminded me of some of my fathers familys and neighbors homes in rural Georgia. Jordan Smith, who grew up singing in Harlan County churches, gave the country a taste of Harlans wholesome side during the 2015 season of The Voice. Rather, it seemed as though the commissary was sitting there waiting for everyone to tumble out of their Studebakers and walk through the door, fresh off the road from the fifties. I said [the work] would be gone in a year, and I was right, Blair said. It had seemed like an ordinary cemetery to me until my mother showed me the family mausoleum, a large and elaborate marble structure. I am proud of my Harlan heritage, in spite of the history I have struggled to accept, and I am proud of Harlan County, USA. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. In another scene, a woman talks about how all her life she has considered the company as the enemy, and how her grandfather suffered from black lung. At their best Kopple and photographer Hart Perry bear unassuming, expressive witness to the experiences, aspirations and abiding grievances of the Brookside miners and their wives, who organized auxiliary strike actions. Then you had the fact that everybody carried guns. Runoff flowed around my feet, gentle but quick. I couldnt see it yet myself. Some of the politicians say theyll bring the coal back, but the coal will never be back., Bobby Simpson, 79, has been blind for more than a half-century, but still managed to shovel coal. Lois Scott, a leading woman in the mining community, is shown playing a major role in galvanizing the people in support of the strike. Chester Napier grew up in the 1940s in a one-room log house in the woods of Smith, Ky. As a boy, he learned to hunt squirrel, groundhog and deer from his father, Fred Napier. Tragically, one of them died. Here is an edited version of that conversation. The National Geographic Channel reality show, Kentucky Justice, about a Harlan County sheriff, portrays the communitys very real desperation. Sometimes he would cough and keep coughing, and it was just black-looking, like that old coal dust.. Jerry Johnson, one of the striking Eastover miners, attributes the conclusion of the strike to the presence of Kopple and her film crew: "The cameras probably saved a bunch of shooting. Now the trains arent even running anymore. Barbara Kopple: Harlan County, USA; that was my first ever film that I did on my own. At one point, we ran into Donna G. Hoskins, the Harlan County Clerk, who reminisced about a time when the town was so populous that people had to step off the sidewalk to allow others to pass. I took a good hard look at this ailing place. Greenewho I learned is related to me through my grandmothers familyserved as tour guide as we walked down empty sidewalks. We mourn with the family of Basil Collins for this great loss. Miners went down there and got him and drug him out of his office and put a tin bucket around his neck like a drum. What I mean is that Harlan County isnt South or North or part of any other big bloc of states ruled by civilized crooks in big cities, Southern or Northern. 7. The story surrounds the Brookside miners efforts to have Duke Power sign the UMWA national contract, as well as the group Miners for Democracys attempt to clean up the union after decades of corrupt leadership under president Tony Boyle. He and Blair plan to marry in June. Johnson and some friends eventually hitchhiked to Scottsburg, Indiana, where canneries were hiring for harvest season. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Coal is the lifeblood of Harlan, where miners fierce battles against deadly working conditions remain a symbol of union grit and militance. This is ours., Johnson sounded as though he had walked straight out of a Woody Guthrie song. At the time of the strike, Yarborough, Eastovers president, was living in the house where my mother grew up. June 10, 2022 Its hard to take Basil seriously until hes shooting. Theres no telling how many guns were out there. People on the picket lines were not allowed to have them, but guns abounded on both sides. 360NG. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. Some people hold grudges their whole life, said one of the scabs. He sent money home to his family. All the way to New York. Although Stewart says hes not much for politics, he harbors hope that Novembers presidential election will bring Donald Trump to the White House and mark a change for him and his family. Perhaps thats why Johnsons story about Jack haunted me. Learn more about merges. Add the gin, simple syrup, and lemon juice and fill the shaker with ice. I paced my living room, where images of my family sit atop bookcases, including one of my grandfather as a little boy dressed in a sailor suit and giant straw hat, then managed to shakily jot down the words love and your papaw.. Each month, millions of tons of coal are excavated from the seams of the Appalachian Mountains. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. During the 1930s, union suppression and strikes led to violence that went both ways and became known as the Harlan County Wars. The largest camp community housed up to ten thousand people. Later that year, Yablonski and his family were found murdered in their home. Jerry Johnson opened the door of his house in Greeneville, Tennessee, a cozy five-room home he shares with his seventh wife,Marcy, and said: You made it out of Harlan alive! Johnson, a retired UMWA Brookside miner (and the ex-husband of filmmaker Anne Lewis), was riffing on Darrell Scotts song, Youll Never Leave Harlan Alive.. We have set your language to Its unfortunate because the movies takeaway, so widely celebrated elsewhere, is immediately lost on some of the people with close connections to the storypeople that it might otherwise reach. The film also has a segment on the use of breaker boys, or child laborers who picked slate from coal. 1939 - 1945 World War II - Ages: 29 - 24 years. It could have turned out real bad there, if one shot had been fired. This is yours. This history of hardship and strife seemed distant as I ascended the hill on a quiet day but for the early March breeze riffling through shrubs, and the rasp of silicosis that has blackened Burchel Nolans lungs. Once they killed Lawrence Jones they knew we was gonna kill all of them. Much of the landscape now bears the scars of mountaintop removal mining, a last-gasp effort by coal companies to revive the industry. Other highlights of the commentary are Baker's comments on a higher tolerance for chaos being needed to edit, and the claim that almost 50% of coal miners You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. The wind swirled the dust and the leaves at my feet and threaded its way past empty, shuttered storefrontspast the small stone church where my parents were married, past the graveyard tucked behind what used to be my grandmothers flower shop, where my feuding ancestors are buried. Its because of that strike.. That chill didnt leave me after I said goodbye to Johnson. Coal mining was Americas most dangerous occupation by the 1970s. It was time for Elizabeth to leave for work at her familys firewood-packing business, which they started to help improve Harlans economy after coals collapse. Whatever the reason, new industry has been painfully slow to materialize. I had to get on with my future. Add to your scrapbook. This browser does not support getting your location. Perhaps this was ultimately why labor issues burn people up so terribly, because they always come down to familythe families were born into along with the ones we raise, and the brotherhood and sisterhood that work creates for us, especially down in the mines, and for men like Ferguson and Johnson. You can call us scabs. They had no problem with the term whatsoever. Thank God for them; thank God they're on our side. The county has lost five percent of its population in the last ten years, as though Aunt Molly Jacksons Kentucky Miners Hungry Ragged Blues and the Seldom Scenes Leaving Harlan are playing in the hollows on repeat. Ive driven through Harlan a few times and half of my family has lived for eight or nine generations not too many miles south of there, but I sure dont come from Harlan County. There was a time when coal miners saw themselves as heroically serving the country. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. Resend Activation Email. Nine months into the strike, a bunch of miners go up to Wall Street to pass out fliers. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. That is, if the family patriarch should survive long enough to come up from underground and die slow and awful of coal miners disease. Thats right, one of the scabs replied. It must have been written all over my face, because Johnson said, Theys a lot better ways to have done thatbut thats what they did. On breaks, he came home to see his fiance, Lauren Blair. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. She talks about people being beaten or threatened, and houses and families being shot at. Only, the T-shirts and trucker hats were nearly two decades old, souvenirs from the last fierce time. They went around and showed the most dilapidated houses you could find. But to me, Harlan is different. After the UMWA got Brookside signed down there, they was gone, he said. (The Revealer has been wobbly of late while Ive been attending to other duties, but the spring crunch is almost past. She decided it was the more compelling subject, so switched the focus of her film. Strain the drink into an ice-filled highball glass. That kind of shows you where works at, Nolan said. [citation needed], Gary Arnold of The Washington Post praised the film, saying that Kopple "has emerged with a stirring, revealing testament to the courage, tenacity and dignity of Appalachian men and women whose livelihood depends on coal mining. Thats the way it was gonna go down.. They were welcomed and cheered on by locals on the union side but harassed by strikebreakers, who Kopple claims once pushed the filmmakers car off the road. Self: Harlan County U.S.A. Bobby Doyle Rowlettnamed after his grandfather, Bobby Simpsonleft Harlan County in 2015 for a position with the RJ Corman Railroad Group. Ill call him Henry. But I knew I didnt want to come back in a few years and find this place finally, officially gone. When confronted a striker who told people not to talk to her, she was told: "Girl, you gotta tell people here what you're doin'."[3]. Up north, Johnson lived under a bridge for a couple of weeks, eating from cans of food that had been bent up bad on the assembly line. Wheres the union? L. Winship Award for Best Work of Nonfiction of 2010. There were close to one hundred mines back then. The lack of voice over and minimal title cards can sometimes create confusion for the viewer, but the strike is fraught with enough dramatic tension to present a cohesive whole. Suggest an edit or add missing content. based on information from your browser. Im definitely not in New York City anymore, I said. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. When she made this movie, Kopple was one of the bravest filmmakers working. Coal mining once provided a middle-class living. Right there, the film loses some Harlan people. Its okay, one of them said. When miners at the Brookside Mine in Harlan County, Kentucky, went on strike against Duke Power Company in June 1973, Kopple went there to film the strike, which the UMWA had helped to organize. An illustrated postcard from 1915 shows the town pleasantly nestled in a crook of the river and bears an optimistic motto: Harlan, Ky., Aint What Its Going To Be.. Ive been trying to keep it going, but when you dont draw much, it dont go far.. I had to work where I was going to get work and I didnt see nothing wrong with that., If it hadnt been for Eastover I wouldnt have the life I have today., There was too much intervention for it to be a true documentary. When the labor union known as the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) left town at the end of 1931 citing lack of funds, the National Miners Unionbacked by the American Communist Partyarrived. The nearest interstates were about sixty-five miles away in opposite directions, adding to the mines aura of isolation. His bet? Thats not to suggest that the mood was tense or unfriendly; it felt like changing shifts. Thats right.. This account has been disabled. I was intensely aware that if someone came upon the place with violent intentions, Elizabeth and I would have been trapped. That was a lot of money back then.. (Most people who stood on the Brookside picket line are no longer alive.) I watched it happen three days in a row. For Harlanites on the company side, this undermines the documentarys integrity and leads them to question its larger takeaway. . All Rights Reserved. When I asked Nolan how work today compares to conditions in the 1970s, he said, Things have gotten way worse. For roughly a century after the railroad came in, Harlan flourished or suffered according to coals cycle of boom and bust; the countys population expanded or contracted accordingly. I don't think we'd have won it without the film crew. As I walked toward Nolan and Elizabeth, who were already heading to the car, I set my back to these thoughts and the surrounding peaks. We are made to known about his death on September 16, 2020. I later learned that his scene was filmed in West Virginia, where he lived and worked. She talks about a standoff against Basil Collins and the scabs and gun thugs. [4] The miners were concerned that accepting such a provision would limit their ability to influence local working conditions. Tom Hansell, Patricia Beaver and Angela Wiley, This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 06:42. Her voice wobbling like its about to fall down, her face shrunken like an old apple, her eyes behind her big goggle glasses like little explosions: Shes weak and tired, but shes as angry as she was forty years ago. Basil Collins in Kentucky. I wont deny the coal-mining industrys dark side, the fact that Harlans poverty is extreme, nor that my relatives were among the countys staunchest union-haters. William Floyd Collins, July 20, 1887 - c. February 13, 1925 Floyd Collin's Crystal Cave. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Harlan had long been infamous for labor disputes and family feuds, but shortly after the sale, a protracted labor strike was captured in the 1976 Oscar-winning documentary film, Harlan County, USA. By JEFFREY COLLINS today. Before that, he lived in various places around the mountain Southeast, working as a coal miner, an underground union organizer, and a filmmaker. This summer spin just adds cucumber and fresh basil. When I first saw Harlan County, USA, I was deeply moved by Workman, whom I had assumed was talking about my family. They ripped up the rails last fall., Nolan never wanted to be a security guard, never liked the idea of having to tell people they cant do this or that. A lot of people, he continues, dont understand that that electricity burning over therea sweeping gesture that takes in the whole city, shiny and modern, one giant black lung, reallytheres a man dying every day for that. A Brookside mine foreman named Basil Collins says the unions are filled with "known communists" out to destroy the country. Later, he considered his family fortunate because neither he nor his seven siblings died from the cold that engulfed the house. Kopple also alleges that Basil Collins threatened to kill her. Nolan turned the SUV around at the slagheap and we descended over road ruts to the mine gates. Though I did meet a miner who labored in Harlans mines as a child, Henry was adamant that children never worked in the Whitfield mines. His pain began in 1983 after a rib rolla mine roof support collapsesent a big old rock into his back, forcing him into early retirement. Her immediate familys occasional subtle cues that my siblings and I were fruit from a lesser tree were rarely lost on me, but her father and his Whitfield family were almost always warmly affectionate. In the 1970s, a strip-mining company asserted its ownership over the mineral rights for property he owned and forced him to sell the land. If I could, Id go back today. The couple later founded the Cranks Creek Survival Center, a nonprofit that provided food, clothing and home repairs to area residents for decades. Take the opening scene, when miners descend into a mine. He was unmoved. The words KY MINE SUPPLY CO. stood up on the roof of a nearby vintage brick warehouse in white, as if issuing a challenge to the mountains behind it. Before Justified, many people got their image of Harlan from the award-winning documentary Harlan County USA which followed the Eastover coal mine strike at Brookside, Kentucky. Miraculously, only two people got shot. Not the famous oneslike Which Side Are You On? by Florence Reece, which she wrote in the 1930s after deputized mine guards ransacked her home. Miners wives are dragged off the line and thrown into jail. Pine Mountain stood tall to the north; to the south was Cumberland Gap, across which Daniel Boone led settlers. I had Kitts Creek mud on my boots, a red dirt in contrast to the black-brown mud of Brookside. Years after the strike, Eastovers president, Norman Yarborough, conceded that the UMWA out public-relationed us all over the place. The union launched a highly effective national Dump Duke campaign urging people to dump Duke stock; they sent miners in their work clothes to the New York Stock Exchange floor. Im home where I want to die at, in these mountains here, he says. A lot of the miners dont have it. From a distance, I have long imagined Harlan as a land of mountains of lost songs. That strike was about Brookside, but most of the movie was filmed at Highsplint and over in West Virginia, said one man. The striking miners travel to North Carolina and New York City to picket Wall Street, encouraging investors to Dump Duke. The utterly fearless Lois Scott leads their charismatic wives to keep the cause going back home. Or a thug for J.H. His wife, Annie, died about a decade ago. Which side are you on? Still, this decision exacerbated how torn I was between yearning to belong to her rarified kin and feeling outrage and compassion for the struggles and hardships I witnessed in my fathers family, to whom I am equally loyal. Cans of coffee, cracker tins, Radio Girl perfume, dresses with sweetheart necklines, and shoes in their original boxes all sat on the shelves, ready to be sold. In fact, the enemy she described was a very different mine owned by a large corporation. Were either recovering, in the evolution to something else, or going to near nothing. I have heard similar dirges in other single-industry towns where the economy collapsed, in upstate New York and in Maine, at the northern end of this same mountain chain. Was living in the evolution to something else, or going to near nothing, or to... 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